For many years, political changes were determined by structural variables neglecting the role of culture in political science. In postmodern era, as Kate Nash argues, politics has become cultural due to the emergence of such subjects as politics of identity, politics of difference and the politics of social movements. Nowadays, political actors are not individuals solely recognized by political participation and voting in conventional processes. Individuals and groups choose other ways for being effective and for participating in a political affair which is mainly influenced by cultural globalization lifestyles. This article explores the effects of developments in the lifestyles in the light of cultural globalization from the perspective of consumerism concept in general form and political consumerism in the specific form on demanding political change. This study argues that global flows of capital, products, services, technology, communications and information attenuate the states control over time and place increasingly. Plural identities challenge the state rule on historical moment practicable by implementation of tradition and restructuration of national identity and if so the most important problems facing states are dynamics and rationality in compilation and application of cultural policies.

Territory is one of the essential pillars of political geography. Nevertheless, there are a lot of discussion about dissubjectivity and unimportance of territory at the age of globalization. The discourses about deterritorialization have attracted the academic and scientific groups so much that some believe that Globalization equals deterritorialization.This essay using a neo-realism approach has tried to analyze the process of Globalization having territorial vision. In other words, while it does not deny exterritorial and transnational processes but we put emphasis on reterritorialization of various phenomenon and processes at the age of globalization. the assumption is that territory and boundary cannot be obliterated but their function have changed.

The phenomenon or process of globalization is the result of global distribution of goods, ideas, etc.; and entails profound consequences on the political, social, economic and cultural indices of different countries. In the political sphere, globalization has numerous features such as corrosion of national sovereignty, intensification of regionalism, and entry of new national and international actors into the decision making arena at national and transnational level. Regional organizations are among the new actors of international arena which have expanded during the second half of the 20th century along with the trend of regionalism occurring simultaneously with globalization. One of the biggest regional organizations in terms of size and population is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization founded in 2001. The present study, using descriptive-analytical method and positivist approach, addresses the impacts of political organizations on this organization. The findings revealed that two factors contribute to the impacts of “political organization” on “Shanghai Cooperation organization”, namely, “security and defense considerations and political goals of the founders of the organization” and “the effect of issues like religious extremism, separatism, and terrorism on the Central Asian member states.

Globalization, more than a concept, is a process in which developing of sciences, technologies of production and information have changed many sides of life and brought some different approaches to them. Among these phenomena, power relations have significantly changed. Levels and aspects of development have interaction with other changing concepts and sometimes reject the patterns of modernization theories. As a result, political development criteria are not reliant and practical as they were in the past. Today, reductionism attitude in modem theories of development cannot analyze and solve most of social and political problems.Accordingly, we should regard some post-modern approaches to development following all aspects and levels such as environmental, political and economic considerations as well as internal and external sides of policy making. This is a new situation for human values to be different and concentrated while policy making, titling sustainable development approach.

All schools and common patterns in the traditional paradigm of political sociology in the relationship between society and government, and particularly decisive influence social forces on the power political within national state have been considered. But in recent decades due to the spread of globalization in various fields, and thus weakening the national state, it seems that scope area and threads and thus the dominant attitude in political sociology are major changes. Therefore it can be said that the "paradigm" of political sociology is changing and transformation. In the traditional paradigm of concepts such as national state, the relationship between state and society, the ruling class, political elites, political parties and social base of the regime have been overcome, whereas in the new paradigm of sociology, power structures in the global level, the relationship between governments and global processes in different areas, the class of transnational identities, human rights and global citizenship, new social movements and etc. have been of prominent preference. This research tries to influence the process of globalization, especially the political and technical-the technological aspects to the formation of a paradigmatic changes in the field of political sociology.

Entering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has focused primarily on one of these outcomes; it means that it has concentrated on the effects of globalization on political developments in the forming opportunities and threats. The present paper benefits from discourse analysis framework in order to evaluate the effectiveness and study this effectiveness on the process of political development in Iran. In this review, globalization as structural dialogue consists of liberal democracy teaching of Western and political Islam in Iran as dialogue involving two aspects of reformists and conservative matters. Thus, this paper has attempted to explore opportunities and threats to globalization on political developments in Iran after the Islamic revolution in terms of its phenomenon’s effect on dual aspects of political Islam.

The paper offers a distinctive reading of Popper’s work, suggesting that his Logic of Scientific Discovery (LScD) might be re-interpreted in the light of his Open Society. Indeed, Popper can be interpreted as criticising certain aspects of his first book, and as a result improving upon them, in his second. It suggests translating what Popper says about ‘conventions’ into his later vocabulary of ‘social institutions’. Looking back, I believe that Popper never intended the language of conventions and decisions to be read individualistically. I remain unsure whether Popper was himself quite as clear about this as he could have been.  My reading makes Popper a pioneer in the sociology of science. Scientific institutions are arenas of political power; but Popper did not discuss the structure and inter-relations of the social institutions of science, or offer a politics of science in the context of his methodology. What is missing from the skeletal sociology of LScD is the politics. We could put it in Popperian terms this way: scientific institutions are both open and closed. They are closed, firmly, to the inexpert, to the non-members; supposedly they are open to the qualified, provided the prerogatives of seniority and leadership are acknowledged. Despite these shortcomings, Popper’s critical and rational approach and his insistence on openness and intellectual honesty are still important today.

Globalization has different elements and various ends. Through cognition of political, cultural and commotional elements of globalization, we can describe the effects of Islamic revolution of Iran to political movements of Egypt. In this paper, we reviwe the some of theories of globalization and then, explain the current conditions of Egypt. In fact we analysis the connections between globalization, islamic revolution of Iran and new political movement of Egypt. In fact, social and political situations in Egypt help to development in this country and globalization process explains how changes in world can changes the internal aspects of societies.

This article clarifies how the Global Political Economy has shaped the foreign policy of India in the age of globalization. The hypothesis is that six drivers of Global Political Economy and three dynamisms coupled with mutual interactions amongst Politics, Economics, Culture and Security shapes foreign policy of states. The author embarks on a new effort to develop an analytical model that describes the notion of Political Economy of Foreign Policy and its dynamics in India. To conclude, the author developes a model to verify trajectory of continuity and change in India's foreign policy, indicating shifts form Non-alignment, to Multi-alignment, and, further to the Modi's policy of "Alliance with the United States and the West". He is of the view that prospects of India's re-orientation to Multi-alignement would be subject to further studies.